CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

The Prophet Birth / Maulid

Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca, in 12 Rabiulawal elephant year or April 20 in  A.D. (Anno Domini) 571. The term  “elephant year” was a history which Abrahah and his soldiers would destroy Ka’bah with elephants as their vehicles. Suddenly they were destroyed by Allah when ababil birds threw gravels from the hell to them. If Allah didn’t do it, Ka’bah would destroy. His father was  Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib and his mother was Aminah binti Wahab. His father was passed away when he still in his mother’s womb approximately seven months.

According to the people’s habitual around there, after born he was kept by Halimatus Sa’diyah who lived on mountains. If the baby lives on mountains, he will feel the fresh air. Because the city’s weather wasn’t good for baby. Beside that, he could speak the pure language fluently. He came back to his mother in age five years old.

At the age of six he became an orphan, because his mother was passed away. Then he lived with his grandfather, Abdul Muthalib. Not long after that, when his age was eight years old his grandfather passed away. If his uncle, Abu Thalib  hadn’t kept him, he would have been sad. Fortunately, his uncle kept him and loved him as same as his children. For many years he helped his uncle’s trading business. Then, he worked at Khadijah to sold the goods. At the age of twenty five, he married her. He led a simple and honest life.

Translation :

Kelahiran Nabi / Maulid

Nabi Muhammad lahir di Mekkah pada 12 Rabiulawal tahun gajah atau 20 April 571 M. Istilah “tahun gajah” merupakan sebuah sejarah yang mana Abrahah dan prajurit-prajuritnya akan menghancurkan Ka’bah dengan gajah-gajah sebagai kendaraan mereka. Tiba-tiba mereka dihancurkan oleh Allah ketika burung-burung ababil melempar batu-batu kerikil dari neraka kepada mereka. Jika Allah tidak melakukan itu, Ka’bah akan hancur. Ayahnya adalah  Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib dan ibunya Aminah binti Wahab. Ayahnya wafat ketika beliau masih di dalam rahim ibunya kira-kira tujuh bulan.

Sesuai dengan kebiasaan masyarakat sekitar sana, setelah lahir  beliau diasuh oleh Halimatus Sa’diyah yang tinggal di pegunungan. Jika bayi (Muhammad) tinggal di pegunungan, beliau akan merasakan udara yang segar. Karena cuaca kota tidak baik untuk bayi. Di samping itu, beliau dapat berbicara bahasa yang murni dengan lancar. Beliau  kembali kepada ibunya pada umur lima tahun.

Pada umur enam tahun beliau menjadi seorang yatim piatu, karena ibunya wafat. Kemudian beliau tinggal bersama kakeknya, Abdul Muthalib. Tidak lama setelah itu, ketika beliau berumur delapan tahun kakeknya wafat. Jika pamannya Abu Thalib tidak mengasuhnya, beliau akan sedih. Untungnya pamannya mengasuhnya dan memberikan  kasih sayang sama dengan anak-anaknya. Untuk waktu yang lama beliau membantu kesibukan berdagang pamannya. Kemudian, beliau bekerja kepada Khadijah untuk menjual barang-barang. Pada umur dua puluh lima tahun, Beliau menikahinya. Beliau memimpin sebuah kehidupan yang sederhana dan jujur.

Grammar :

Our reading consists of sixteen lines divided into three paragraphs. Pay attention to first paragraph you’ll find this underline sentence : If Allah didn’t do it, Ka’bah would destroy.

In second paragraph you’ll find this underline sentence : If the baby lives on mountains, he will feel the fresh air.

And in the last paragraph you’ll find this underline sentence : If his uncle, Abu Thalib hadn’t kept him, he would have been sad.

They are the examples of Conditional Sentence form.

Explanation : Conditional Sentence express a wish, hope, plan,etc. That may be possible, unreal or contrary to the fact or impossible.

Look at this scheme!

a.) Future Conditional or Conditional Type 1

Use : Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Formula :

If + Subject1 + V1 , + Subject2 + Will + V1 Present Tense           Future Tense (If clause)                  (main clause)

Real fact :      Can happened or can’t.       Use simple present tense.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma (Look at sample 2). Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative sentences.

Example :

1. If the rain stops, I will go to campus. Present Tense           Future Tense (If clause)                  (Main clause)	Real fact : # The rain stops, so I will go to campus. # The rain doesn’t stop, so I won’t go to campus.
2. You will see ” Monas” If you go to Jakarta. Future Tense           Present Tense (Main  clause)                  (If  clause)	Real fact : # You will see “Monas” because you go to Jakarta. # You won’t see “Monas” because you don’t go to Jakarta.

.

b.) Present Conditional or Conditional Type Two

Use : Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. We don't really expect the situation to change, however. We just imagine „what would happen if …“

Formula :

If + Subject1 + V2 + Subject2 + Will + V1 Past Tense            Past Future Tense (If clause)                      (main clause)

Real fact :        Always contrary to the fact.        Use simple present tense.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma (Look at sample 2). Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Past and Conditional Type 1 on how to form negative sentences (Look at sample 1).

Example :

1. If Sinta didn’t study hard, her father would be angry with her. Past Tense                                Past  Future Tense (If clause)                                             (Main clause)	Real fact : # Sinta studies hard, so her father isn’t angry with her.
2. I would take the job if I were an unemployment. Past Future Tense              Past Tense     (Main  clause)                  (If  clause)	Real fact : # I don’t take the job because I am not an unemployment.

c.) Past Conditional or Conditional Type Three :. Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.

Formula :

If + Subject1 + had V3 + Subject2 + Would + have V3 Past Perfect                    Past Future Tense (If clause)                           (main clause)

Real fact :             Always contrary to the fact.           Use simple past  tense.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma (Look at sample 2). Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to form negative sentences.

Example :

1. If you had been sick, I would have been sad. Past Perfect                     Past  Future Tense (If clause)                              (Main clause)	Real fact : # You weren’t sick, so I wasn’t sad.
2. I would have kept a gift if my mother had given it. Past Future Tense              Past Perfect     (Main  clause)                  (If  clause)	Real fact : # I didn’t keep a gift because my mother didn’t give it.

Referencial books :

Al Quraan dan Terjemahnya oleh Departemen Agama R.I. Tahun 1979-1980.

Wicaksono, Imam Al Hakam.Kamus Lengkap Inggris-Indonesia dan Indonesia-Inggris.Solo: Sendang Ilmu.

Allen, W. Stannard.1974.Living English Structure.London : Longman Group Limited.

Sudarwati, Th. M. dan Eudia Grace.2007.Look Ahead Book 2.Jakarta: Erlangga.